Tuesday, December 18, 2012

Digitized Dead Sea Scrolls


The Dead sea scrolls are now digitally available and can be browsed by provenance, language, and content. Or just do a quick search! The images were scanned with infrared as well to show palimpsests and delineate ink from the papyrus more clearly. You can view and comment as well!


Ramesses III throat slit?



Recent CT scans suggest Ramesses III throat was slit in an attempt on his life. News of the coup has been known for some time from the Turin legal papyrus (above) which suggests that Ramesses' wife and son acted together with palace officials including a palace magician to murder the king (see a translation here: http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/texts/judicial_turin_papyrus.htm). As punishment, the papyrus indicates that some of the members of the coup were forced to commit suicide.

CT scans on a mummy which  COULD have been Ramesses III's attempted successor, Pentawere, (based on DNA evidence) show "unusual marks" at the neck:


The authors argue that the body was poorly mummified and found in a "ritually impure" goatskin, though textile analysts like Gillian Vogelsang-Eastwood have argued that this interpretation of goatskin's impurity was yet another rumor spread by Herodotus (see Ancient Textile Industry of Amarna, 2001). While interpretation of this mummy still seems preliminary as unusual marks on the neck could have been from the mummification process, disease, or many other origins, this conspiracy is one of the most interesting brief periods in Egyptian history and it's great to see how texts and human remains are being used together to unfold more about this fascinating episode!

Thursday, November 1, 2012

Koshik the talking elephant!

Moving aside from my usual interests in archaeology, I would like to present Koshik, the talking elephant (http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-20142858)! Koshik has taught himself to place his own trunk inside his mouth to do an impression of the human voice. Listen to the video where Koshik says the word Good in Korean, "Choah." Listen to his trainer saying it and get Koshik's repetitions! Very impressive! My plan is to learn Korean from Koshik, and then test it out on my Korean speaking friends...





Wednesday, October 24, 2012

Mummify Seneb in ten minutes or less: A great tool for educators

The Oriental Institute has created a great online tool to help kids and adults learn about the process of mummification at http://oi.uchicago.edu/OI/MUS/ED/mummy.html.  I have used this in multiple classes, and students of all ages have found it fun and informative.  The website asks you to help Anubis mummify Seneb, a recently deceased Egyptian man. Spend ten minutes of your day on this mummification guide to learn about mummification and have fun in the process!


Friday, October 19, 2012

You can unroll the world's first medical text right now!

Move over Gray's Anatomy! The National Library of Medicine "Turning the pages" project brings REAL ancient documents to the tips of your fingers, including Egypt's Edwin Smith surgical papyrus. I am currently translating this text, and can tell you that it offers a fascinating insight into the mind of its scribe. The papyrus is constructed of nearly 50 medical texts, with an examination, diagnosis, and treatment when possible for each. What makes this text especially interesting is the fact that its author also includes glosses to help explain the medical terminology (clearly, doctor jargon is an ancient process).  For instance, the texture of the brain is described as being like ripples of molten copper. How romantic.

So take a look below and unroll the papyrus! When you are ready, click the text button to learn about what each case says! If you can't see the papyrus below, click here: http://archive.nlm.nih.gov/proj/ttp/v2/books/#!/edwin_smith_surgical_papyrus/

Tuesday, August 21, 2012

Women-acolypse

This image is of Boushra Almutawakel's powerful work titled "Disappearing"
As of late, the phrase "A War against Women" has been thrown around quite liberally in American politics, often posed as a series of battles between the American Democratic and Republican parties, and while I think there is much validity in the need to still fight for women's rights in America today, we should also keep in mind that America is just one battle ground, and this is really a world war which has been going on for centuries... A women-acolypse you could even say!  http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/9487761/Anger-as-Iran-bans-women-from-universities.html

This article reviews the move in Iran to ban women from many university courses, preventing women from getting degrees in a variety of professional fields, among which archaeology is included. As of today, women can't even vote in Saudi Arabia. Downton Abbey enthusiasts will also recognize that women did not have the right to inherit and distribute property in England until the 1920s. 

While the Middle East has been a hot bed for political discussion of women's rights, historically, Egyptians were some of the most liberal countries in terms of women's rights. Herodotus even mocked Egypt for being a backwards country because women engaged in public economic exchange. 

So what I wonder is when did a misogynistic attitude towards women really begin, and why has such an attitude towards half of the population succeeded to such an extent, that the majority of countries today still deal with issues surrounding women's oppression?  Move your emotions surrounding the issues aside for one moment, and consider what evolutionary advantage the subjugation of women had to make it so successful? This is my thought of the day. Two-cents are encouraged.

Thursday, August 16, 2012

Pyramids in space? Why archaeologists dismiss avid google earthers.


Recently, the internet exploded with interest in one woman's claim to have identified two possible pyramid complexes in Egypt, previously completely unknown by archaeologists, by simply using Google Earth (her official post is here). The images posted in this article, such as the one above, certainly demonstrate some kind of mound, but most of the discussion by academics on the issue has been a reactive effort to deny the potential of these claims, and there very viability based on the amateur status of Angela Micol. I think it's pretty plain to say that, in reality, an amateur is never going to be as knowledgeable as an expert. Additionally, everyone will agree that any actual study involving space imaging is just not viable without some more grounding, quite literally, through verification in person.  So while many have put their two-cents in on why this is "bogus," in reality it's a moot point until someone has looked into the claims in person. So if there is really no debate over the fact that this is just preliminary information Angela Micol is putting out there, why do scholars suddenly get frustrated, angry, and down-right rude (such as in some of the comments seen here) when reports come out that someone has found Google Earth images of pyramids?

Well, from my perspective, there are a few reasons. First, news agencies reporting online seem very rarely to get their facts straight before publication. Though Angela Micol doesn't claim to have any degree in archaeology, doesn't have any professional accreditation as an archaeologist, and doesn't make a living off of archaeological research, many publications still refer to her as one.  That feels insulting when you've spent years of your life in school and in tents, working towards your profession. If I were to come out with research saying that Cheetos will cause you to give birth to bright orange babies, news agencies wouldn't suddenly call me a "doctor" to help the story sell. So it feels like our profession is being degraded when someone without a background is suddenly deemed an archaeologist because she has an interest in old dusty pyramids. This is exacerbated by the fact that she's doing her research from the comfort of her computer  chair. As a profession, we still cringe at the idea of "armchair archaeology" because this was a serious problem in the past, and we certainly do not want to see people reverting to a time when it was OK to call yourself an archaeologist, even if you've never touched a trowel. This too degrades our profession, and the point of our research abroad. Yet this idea has also gotten its fair share of press, such as in the following post from Business Insider: Become an Armchair Archaeologist -- Literally.

The problem with this negative scholarly reaction, is we often forget to enjoy the fact that people who make no money and have no investment in ancient Egypt are still spending hours of their lives trying to study it. We forget that our field does have relevancy beyond the few hundred professionals scattered across the nation or even globe of your chosen niche. We push away and repel people who really do want to help our community,  by saying "leave it to the professionals" instead of embracing their good intentions and putting them towards more inclusive research.  We are so caught up in a culture filled with jargon, exclusion, and hierarchy, that we lose sight of the fact that we need amateur interest to survive in the real world, to keep ourselves relevant, and to just feel like contributors to a  broader society than our own academic microcosm. So instead of jumping to criticize and deny attempts at research by amateurs, the field should move toward building ways to use this positive energy towards investment in our future as a discipline. 

Friday, August 10, 2012

Missing: 16 right hands. If found, please report to...


This moment has been a long time coming! Archaeologists have finally found a cache of SEVERED HANDS!
This isn't the skeletal remnants of Thing, though the resemblance is startling....

http://www.livescience.com/22267-severed-hands-ancient-egypt-palace.html















Rather, this gruesome practice has been known about for sometime through temple depictions whereby the right hands of enemies were lopped off, piled together, counted, and then presented before the king. It was much more efficient to transport some hands than a bunch of bodies, and I'm sure much more sanitary... though piles of dead hands still have their own problems. In some depictions, penises were severed instead, which would be a bit harder to find archaeologically, but can you imagine trying to tell your supervisor that?! Congratulations to Professor Bietak and the excavators at Avaris!


Tuesday, August 7, 2012

The "Frankenstein" Bodies

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/07/120706-bog-mummies-body-parts-frankenstein-ancient-science/


The above person is constituted of skeletal elements from SEVERAL different individuals, rearticulated! According to the article, the individuals were placed in a bog after death and then removed before the acids of the bog could break down calcium in the bone. So that gets us to the big question: Why go to such elaborate measures to articulate PARTS of different individuals together?

The article mentions a couple of theories. A practical approach: perhaps bodies were incomplete and needed additional parts. I can imagine fishing a rotting corpse out of a bog might not be as easy as it sounds, so logically some parts of the body may become disarticulated and lost.

An alternative suggestion proposes meaningful combination of individuals with different ancestries in order to create a mega-ancestor. This reminds me of Power Rangers megazord. A composite giant robot, which was inevitably required in each episode when the villain eventually becomes enormous (why both the villain and power rangers never just went "big" at the beginning of a battle is beyond me, but I digress). It makes sense that this would add meaning, but it may also be difficult to even determine who's who by the time bodies were recovered.

If we look at Egyptian mummies with missing limbs, "prostheses" are often added in a similar manner, though not usually from the body parts of other individuals. In my opinion, many of the prosthetics which take the form of a stick, some rocks, or mudplaster are an easy fix for the embalmers who made some hilarious mistakes during the embalming process which unfortunately are preserved to this day (for example: http://www.bikyamasr.com/44849/ancient-egypt-heads-to-brisbane/). However, other prosthetics like toes (http://www.livescience.com/4555-world-prosthetic-egyptian-mummy-fake-toe.html) show the Egyptians too desired to have a complete body for the afterlife. So Egyptian data would favor the former proposition, though we will have to wait and see what new data emerges from this fascinating case of a Frankenstein burial! Regardless, these are some pretty crazy burial traditions!



Friday, July 6, 2012

Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae

I use this resource all of the time, but wanted to share, since many reading this do not  study Egyptology. The Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae is a fantastic source for looking up hieroglyphic terms. It consists of a database with well over a million dictionary terms translating Egyptian words in German and often English (and of course vice versa). It also has an extensive collection of transliterations and translations, which is especially helpful when translating a text.

If you don't read Egyptian, but want to get a few words together to impress people at that next party (because who wouldn't be won over by hieroglyphic party tricks?), go to http://aaew.bbaw.de/tla/servlet/BwlSearch?u=aeaustin&f=0&l=0, enter an English word in the translation section and make sure you check the box for English translation.

For example! drunkard=
tx.w




To be used at a party in the phrase, "You are a drunkard!":

ntk m tx.w


Thursday, July 5, 2012

Next time you pay for baggage fees, keep this in mind!

The digital humanities program at Stanford has put together an impressive resource called ORBIS, where you can map out how long it takes to get between different destinations in the Roman empire. It tells you how long it takes, how much it would cost, and how far you would have to travel.

To put a little perspective on things... let's compare flights on kayak for Cairo to London with a carriage and ship ride during Roman times. EgyptAir can get me a roundtrip flight for $400 each way, with about a 5 hour travel time...Orbis says that it would take a minimum of 64 days to go the 5,175 kilometers between London and Cairo in the time of the Roman Empire, and cost 2300 denarii, or approximately $46,000! That is over 300 times longer and 115 times more expensive.

I will keep this in mind next time I have to pay baggage fees.


Wednesday, June 20, 2012

Giza Pyramid Plateau in 3D



During my undergraduate time at Harvard, I had the opportunity to work with Dr. Peter der Manuelian on the Giza Archives Project, an incredible online resource towards digitizing the lifework of Reisner's excavations at the famous pyramid plateau. This project is an exemplary model of digital humanities. Well, Dr. Manuelian has taken the next step by creating an even more impressive 3D model of the complex which shows tomb structures below AND above ground, and demonstrates the extensive network of mastabas around the pyramids.  As my master's dissertation research focused on individuals buried in these mastabas and I spent some time doing 3d laser scanning of archaeological sites, I was even more excited to see them in their own 3D environment.

But enough about my reaction, try them out yourself or just watch the video at http://giza3d.3ds.com/#discover. Just be warned... the model is very heavy, so it may crash if your computer doesn't have the power to withhold its awesomeness.


Monday, June 18, 2012

Purpose

This blog is intended to inform on archaeology, gender studies, ancient Egypt, bioarchaeology, digital humanities, and other subjects which fall under the jurisdiction of my research! Please share with me if you are interested in adding an entry!